The 11kb genome of DENV encodes a single polyprotein which is then proteolyticaly cleaved into three structural and seven nonstructural proteins. These ten viral proteins are capsid (C), premembrane (prM/M), envelope protein (E), NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B and NS5. The structural proteins are involved in structural formation of virus and non-structural proteins have their role in viral replication. The flavivirus NS1 protein bears certain interesting and peculiar properties as compared to nonstructural proteins encoded by other RNA viruses. NS1 of Dengue virus, a highly conserved glycoprotein of 46 kDa size, is found both intracellularly and extracellularly and sometimes also attached to cell surfaces. As NS1 is synthesized, it moves towards endoplasmic reticulum where it modifies into a homodimer of partial hydrophobic nature. NS1 remains confined to intracellular membranes that are presumed sites of viral RNA synthesis.

Flavivirus is a genus of viruses in the family Flaviviridae. This genus includes the West Nile virus, dengue virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, Zika virus and several other viruses which may cause encephalitis. Flaviviruses are named from the yellow fever virus, the type virus for the family; the word flavus means "yellow" in Latin. The name yellow fever originated from its propensity to cause yellow jaundice in victims. Most of these viruses are transmitted by the bite from an infected arthropod (mosquito or tick) and hence, classified as arboviruses. Human infections with these viruses are typically incidental, as humans are usually unable to replicate the virus to high enough titers to reinfect the arthropods needed to continue the virus lifecycle – man is then a dead end host.

Symptoms, which usually begin four to six days after infection and last for up to 10 days, may include

• Sudden, high fever
• Severe headaches
• Pain behind the eyes
• Severe joint and muscle pain
• Fatigue
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Skin rash, which appears two to five days after the onset of fever
• Mild bleeding (such a nose bleed, bleeding gums, or easy bruising)

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